{ "name": "URL Categorization Database — web content filtering class list", "version": "2026-07", "category_count": 58, "homepage": "https://urlcategorizationdatabase.com/taxonomy.php", "license": "Free for any use; attribution to urlcategorizationdatabase.com appreciated", "categories": [ { "category": "Adult", "description": "Domains whose primary purpose is sexually explicit content, including pornography and adult entertainment networks. In the database this label is assigned conservatively, since downstream consumers use it for hard blocking and ad-exclusion lists.", "example_domains": [ "adultfriendfinder.com", "xhamster.com", "redtube.com", "pornhub.com", "xvideos.com" ] }, { "category": "Advertising/Marketing", "description": "Domains operated by ad networks, tracking services, marketing agencies, and campaign landing infrastructure. Classifying these separately lets analytics pipelines strip promotional noise from audience and traffic datasets.", "example_domains": [ "adroll.com", "hubspot.com", "mailchimp.com", "googleads.com", "facebook.com" ] }, { "category": "AI / LLM Tools", "description": "Domains offering artificial intelligence services: LLM chat interfaces, generation tools, model APIs, and ML platforms. A fast-growing segment of the database, tracked closely because new AI tools register domains at a high rate.", "example_domains": [ "gemini.google.com", "perplexity.ai", "huggingface.co", "chat.openai.com", "claude.ai" ] }, { "category": "Alcohol", "description": "Domains selling or promoting alcoholic beverages — breweries, distilleries, wine merchants, and drinks media. Labeled distinctly from general food content so age-restricted and regulated-advertising use cases can isolate it.", "example_domains": [ "totalwine.com", "bevmo.com", "wine.com", "liquor.com", "drizly.com" ] }, { "category": "Arts & Entertainment", "description": "Domains covering culture and entertainment: galleries, theaters, celebrity news, and event media. In classification terms a broad umbrella that applies when no narrower entertainment label fits better.", "example_domains": [ "pitchfork.com", "broadway.com", "metacritic.com", "rollingstone.com", "imdb.com" ] }, { "category": "Automotive & Transportation", "description": "Domains for vehicle makers, dealers, parts commerce, logistics operators, and transport services. Widely used by advertisers building automotive audience segments from the database.", "example_domains": [ "edmunds.com", "caranddriver.com", "motortrend.com", "autotrader.com", "cars.com" ] }, { "category": "Blogs/Personal Sites", "description": "Individually operated domains: personal blogs, portfolios, and hobbyist writing. Assigned when a site's defining trait is its personal authorship rather than a specific commercial topic.", "example_domains": [ "tumblr.com", "medium.com", "livejournal.com", "wordpress.com", "blogger.com" ] }, { "category": "Business", "description": "Corporate presences, professional services firms, and B2B vendors. One of the largest classes in the database; enrichment fields such as technology stack and company data add resolution within it.", "example_domains": [ "businessinsider.com", "harvardbusinessreview.com", "inc.com", "linkedin.com", "forbes.com" ] }, { "category": "CDN / Hosting / Infrastructure", "description": "Domains belonging to delivery networks, hosting platforms, DNS providers, and other web plumbing. Separating infrastructure from content domains keeps traffic analytics and referral data clean.", "example_domains": [ "akamai.com", "digitalocean.com", "godaddy.com", "cloudflare.com", "aws.amazon.com" ] }, { "category": "Cloud Storage / File Hosting", "description": "Domains providing file storage, sync, and sharing services. Security-oriented consumers of the database treat this class as a data-exfiltration watchlist; analytics consumers use it to segment SaaS traffic.", "example_domains": [ "onedrive.live.com", "box.com", "mega.nz", "dropbox.com", "drive.google.com" ] }, { "category": "Community Sites", "description": "Domains hosting interest-based communities, clubs, and membership groups. Distinguished from social networks by their narrower focus on a shared topic or activity.", "example_domains": [ "twitter.com", "linkedin.com", "tumblr.com", "reddit.com", "facebook.com" ] }, { "category": "Computers & Technology", "description": "Domains about hardware, software, IT services, and technology journalism. A cornerstone category for B2B targeting and tech-industry market research built on the database.", "example_domains": [ "tomshardware.com", "arstechnica.com", "zdnet.com", "techcrunch.com", "cnet.com" ] }, { "category": "Cryptocurrency", "description": "Domains for exchanges, wallets, tokens, mining, and crypto media. Maintained as its own class rather than folded into finance, because risk profiles and regulatory treatment differ sharply.", "example_domains": [ "coinmarketcap.com", "kraken.com", "ethereum.org", "coinbase.com", "binance.com" ] }, { "category": "Dating", "description": "Domains running matchmaking and personals services. A compact, well-defined class that filtering customers block and advertising customers target — the database supports both.", "example_domains": [ "bumble.com", "okcupid.com", "hinge.co", "tinder.com", "match.com" ] }, { "category": "Developer Tools / Code Hosting", "description": "Domains offering repositories, package registries, build services, and developer utilities. Useful as a firmographic signal: heavy developer-tool referral traffic marks engineering-driven organizations.", "example_domains": [ "bitbucket.org", "stackoverflow.com", "npmjs.com", "github.com", "gitlab.com" ] }, { "category": "Education/Reference", "description": "Domains of academic institutions, reference works, and learning resources. Consistently among the most trusted classes, used to build allow-lists for child-safe environments.", "example_domains": [ "study.com", "coursera.org", "edx.org", "khanacademy.org", "wikipedia.org" ] }, { "category": "Email and Messaging", "description": "Domains delivering webmail and browser-based messaging. Kept separate from general web apps because mail endpoints matter to both security policy and communications analytics.", "example_domains": [ "outlook.com", "whatsapp.com", "slack.com", "gmail.com", "yahoo.com" ] }, { "category": "File Sharing/P2P", "description": "Domains indexing torrents or coordinating peer-to-peer distribution. Labeled distinctly from cloud storage because the legal and malware risk profile differs fundamentally.", "example_domains": [ "torrentz2.eu", "rarbg.to", "nyaa.si", "thepiratebay.org", "1337x.to" ] }, { "category": "Financial Services", "description": "Domains of lenders, insurers, brokerages, and financial advice publishers. High-value for fraud teams cross-referencing the database, since phishing infrastructure imitates this class constantly.", "example_domains": [ "wellsfargo.com", "paypal.com", "intuit.com", "bankofamerica.com", "chase.com" ] }, { "category": "Food & Drink", "description": "Domains for recipes, food media, and beverage brands. A stable lifestyle class used mainly for contextual ad placement and consumer research.", "example_domains": [ "epicurious.com", "bonappetit.com", "seriouseats.com", "allrecipes.com", "foodnetwork.com" ] }, { "category": "Forums / Message Boards", "description": "Domains structured around threaded discussion. The classifier assigns this label from page structure and interaction patterns, independent of the forum's subject matter.", "example_domains": [ "stackexchange.com", "discourse.org", "phpbb.com", "reddit.com", "quora.com" ] }, { "category": "Freeware/Software", "description": "Domains distributing free and shareware applications. Download portals cluster here; reputation-scoring consumers weight this class carefully due to bundled-installer abuse.", "example_domains": [ "filehippo.com", "softpedia.com", "majorgeeks.com", "sourceforge.net", "download.com" ] }, { "category": "Gambling", "description": "Domains operating betting, casino, poker, and lottery services. Jurisdiction-sensitive: many database customers combine this label with country data to enforce regional gambling rules.", "example_domains": [ "draftkings.com", "888casino.com", "williamhill.com", "bet365.com", "pokerstars.com" ] }, { "category": "Gaming", "description": "Domains for game publishers, online play, esports, and gaming media. Popular for audience targeting; the class spans AAA publishers to small browser-game portals.", "example_domains": [ "steam.com", "epicgames.com", "pokernight.com", "gamespot.com", "ign.com" ] }, { "category": "Government & Legal", "description": "Official public-sector domains and legal information services. Verified government presences anchor trust models built on top of the database.", "example_domains": [ "nasa.gov", "congress.gov", "irs.gov", "usa.gov", "justice.gov" ] }, { "category": "Hate/Discrimination", "description": "Domains dedicated to demeaning or attacking protected groups. Assigned after careful review signals, since the label triggers automatic blocking in nearly every downstream deployment.", "example_domains": [ "nazi.org", "kkk.com", "hatewatch.org", "stormfront.org", "whitehouse.gov" ] }, { "category": "Health & Medicine", "description": "Domains of healthcare providers, medical references, and wellness publishers. Sensitive-topic handling applies: advertisers use it for compliance exclusions as much as for targeting.", "example_domains": [ "healthline.com", "nih.gov", "who.int", "webmd.com", "mayoclinic.org" ] }, { "category": "Home & Garden", "description": "Domains covering home improvement, décor, gardening, and related retail. A quiet, low-churn class valuable for retail and lifestyle segmentation.", "example_domains": [ "gardeningknowhow.com", "bhg.com", "homeadvisor.com", "houzz.com", "wayfair.com" ] }, { "category": "Illegal Drugs", "description": "Domains promoting or facilitating controlled-substance trade. One of the mandatory-block classes; database consumers in regulated industries depend on its accuracy for compliance.", "example_domains": [ "buyillegaldrugs.com", "drugdealers.com", "illegaldrugsupply.com", "drugstore.com", "illicitdrugmarket.com" ] }, { "category": "Job Search/Careers", "description": "Domains hosting job listings, recruiting platforms, and career content. HR-tech and labor-market analytics customers use this class to track hiring activity across the web.", "example_domains": [ "monster.com", "careerbuilder.com", "glassdoor.com", "indeed.com", "linkedin.com" ] }, { "category": "Lingerie/Swimsuits/Intimate Apparel", "description": "Retail domains for intimate apparel and swimwear. Split out from general fashion so brand-safety and age-gating policies can treat it separately without touching explicit-content labels.", "example_domains": [ "aerie.com", "hottopic.com", "fredericks.com", "victoriassecret.com", "bareNecessities.com" ] }, { "category": "Malware / Phishing / Suspicious", "description": "Domains exhibiting malicious behavior: malware distribution, credential phishing, or attack-infrastructure fingerprints. The database's highest-priority security class, refreshed aggressively because these domains are short-lived.", "example_domains": [ "phishtank.org", "malwarebytes.com", "abuse.ch", "virustotal.com", "urlscan.io" ] }, { "category": "Marketplaces / Classifieds / Auctions", "description": "Domains where third parties list, sell, and bid on goods. Distinguished from single-brand shops because marketplace dynamics matter to fraud, pricing, and competitive analysis.", "example_domains": [ "offerup.com", "mercari.com", "poshmark.com", "ebay.com", "craigslist.org" ] }, { "category": "Military", "description": "Domains of armed services, defense agencies, and military-focused media. A small, stable class relevant mostly to government and OSINT users of the database.", "example_domains": [ "army.mil", "navy.mil", "airforce.com", "military.com", "defense.gov" ] }, { "category": "News/Media", "description": "Domains of newspapers, broadcasters, and digital publishers. Heavily used for contextual advertising and misinformation research; publisher-level granularity comes from the enrichment fields.", "example_domains": [ "nytimes.com", "foxnews.com", "reuters.com", "cnn.com", "bbc.com" ] }, { "category": "Online Banking", "description": "Domains serving bank login and account management. Kept as a precise class so anti-phishing systems can whitelist genuine banking endpoints and challenge lookalikes.", "example_domains": [ "wellsfargo.com", "citibank.com", "capitalone.com", "bankofamerica.com", "chase.com" ] }, { "category": "Parked / For-Sale Domains", "description": "Registered domains with placeholder or sale pages and no substantive content. Roughly a fifth of the registered web at any time — labeling them keeps content analytics honest and flags churn-prone infrastructure.", "example_domains": [ "dan.com", "hugedomains.com", "bodis.com", "sedo.com", "afternic.com" ] }, { "category": "Pets & Animals", "description": "Domains for pet care, veterinary services, animal welfare, and related retail. A benign consumer class used for niche audience building.", "example_domains": [ "thebark.com", "animalplanet.com", "akc.org", "pets.com", "petfinder.com" ] }, { "category": "Podcasts", "description": "Domains hosting or indexing podcast content. Identified separately from general streaming so audio-specific advertising and analytics products can isolate the medium.", "example_domains": [ "pocketcasts.com", "overcast.fm", "anchor.fm", "podcasts.apple.com", "open.spotify.com" ] }, { "category": "Political", "description": "Domains of parties, campaigns, advocacy organizations, and political commentary. Election-cycle sensitive: the class grows sharply before major votes and is monitored for coordinated registration bursts.", "example_domains": [ "foxnews.com", "thehill.com", "bbc.com", "politico.com", "cnn.com" ] }, { "category": "Real Estate", "description": "Domains for property listings, brokerages, and rental platforms. Geography-rich: combined with the database's country data it supports regional property-market analysis.", "example_domains": [ "trulia.com", "redfin.com", "loopnet.com", "realtor.com", "zillow.com" ] }, { "category": "Religion & Spirituality", "description": "Domains of faith communities, scripture resources, and spiritual practice. A stable class handled as sensitive in advertising contexts and open in filtering ones.", "example_domains": [ "huffpost.com/religion", "religionnews.com", "patheos.com", "biblegateway.com", "beliefnet.com" ] }, { "category": "Remote Access Tools", "description": "Domains distributing remote desktop and remote administration software. Security consumers treat unexpected traffic to this class as an incident signal, so labeling precision matters.", "example_domains": [ "splashtop.com", "remotedesktop.google.com", "logmein.com", "teamviewer.com", "anydesk.com" ] }, { "category": "Restaurants & Dining", "description": "Domains for restaurants, delivery platforms, and dining discovery. Local-business heavy, which makes it a favorite class for location-based marketing datasets.", "example_domains": [ "ubereats.com", "foodnetwork.com", "openTable.com", "yelp.com", "grubhub.com" ] }, { "category": "Science", "description": "Domains of research institutions, journals, and science publishing. Trusted reference content, often paired with Education in allow-list construction.", "example_domains": [ "scientificamerican.com", "pnas.org", "newscientist.com", "nature.com", "sciencemag.org" ] }, { "category": "Search Engines & Platforms", "description": "Domains operating general search and major platform gateways. A tiny class by domain count with enormous traffic share — separated so platform traffic never skews content-category statistics.", "example_domains": [ "yahoo.com", "duckduckgo.com", "baidu.com", "google.com", "bing.com" ] }, { "category": "Shopping", "description": "E-commerce domains selling directly to consumers. The database's enrichment layer (technology stack, company data) adds merchant-level detail on top of this broad retail label.", "example_domains": [ "walmart.com", "target.com", "etsy.com", "amazon.com", "ebay.com" ] }, { "category": "Social Networking", "description": "Domains of social platforms built on user profiles, feeds, and follower graphs. Labeled distinctly from forums and communities; downstream policy treatment differs across all three.", "example_domains": [ "instagram.com", "linkedin.com", "snapchat.com", "facebook.com", "twitter.com" ] }, { "category": "Sports & Recreation", "description": "Domains covering teams, leagues, scores, fitness, and outdoor activity. Seasonal traffic patterns make this class useful for time-aware audience products.", "example_domains": [ "sports.yahoo.com", "nbcsports.com", "si.com", "espn.com", "bleacherreport.com" ] }, { "category": "Streaming Media", "description": "Domains delivering on-demand or live video and music. Classified by delivery model rather than content genre; the IAB mapping supplies genre-level detail when needed.", "example_domains": [ "twitch.tv", "vimeo.com", "hulu.com", "youtube.com", "netflix.com" ] }, { "category": "Tobacco", "description": "Domains selling or promoting tobacco and vaping products. A regulated-goods class that advertising customers exclude by default and compliance teams audit against.", "example_domains": [ "cigarettes.com", "smokeshop.com", "vaping.com", "tobacco.com", "nicotine.com" ] }, { "category": "Travel", "description": "Domains of airlines, lodging, booking engines, and destination content. Rich in intent signal: travel-class visits feed demand forecasting and campaign timing models.", "example_domains": [ "tripadvisor.com", "airbnb.com", "travelocity.com", "expedia.com", "booking.com" ] }, { "category": "URL Shorteners", "description": "Domains providing link-shortening and redirection. The label marks the shortener itself; resolving the final destination is left to the consuming application, which is why the class exists at all.", "example_domains": [ "t.co", "ow.ly", "is.gd", "bit.ly", "tinyurl.com" ] }, { "category": "Violence", "description": "Domains centered on graphic or glorified depictions of violence. A safeguarding class assigned with high-precision thresholds because of its automatic-block consequences downstream.", "example_domains": [ "fightclub.com", "crimescene.com", "gorehub.com", "violentvideos.com", "extremeviolence.com" ] }, { "category": "VPN / Proxy / Anonymizers", "description": "Domains offering VPNs, proxies, and anonymization. Policy-critical: on managed networks this class is the canonical filter-evasion list, so coverage and freshness are prioritized.", "example_domains": [ "protonvpn.com", "torproject.org", "hidemyass.com", "nordvpn.com", "expressvpn.com" ] }, { "category": "Weapons", "description": "Domains selling firearms, ammunition, and weapon accessories. Regionally regulated; consumers typically pair the label with jurisdiction data before acting on it.", "example_domains": [ "cheaperthandirt.com", "palmettostatearmory.com", "cabelas.com", "gunbroker.com", "armslist.com" ] }, { "category": "Web-based Applications", "description": "Domains delivering browser-based tools and SaaS utilities. A catch-all for functional web software that lacks a more specific class, refined over time as sub-classes graduate out.", "example_domains": [ "slack.com", "zoom.us", "asana.com", "google.com", "dropbox.com" ] }, { "category": "Webinars/E-learning", "description": "Domains hosting online courses, corporate training, and live webinar delivery. Growing steadily; distinguished from general education by its delivery-platform character.", "example_domains": [ "udemy.com", "zoom.us", "webinar.net", "coursera.org", "edx.org" ] } ] }